Systems Thinking, Complexity and Simulation Models: Paradigms for Meeting 21st Century Challenges
We propose that systems thinking, and complexity thinking are appropriate paradigms for understanding and dealing with humanity's challenging problems and for designing more effective, equitable, ethical and sustainable approaches. So-called ‘wicked problems’ are described, showing the importance of recognizing them and highlighting the reasons that make them particularly difficult to understand and manage. We describe systems thinking and complexity thinking and justify that understanding the multiple dimensions of wicked problems requires a transdisciplinary approach. The methodologies used by the complexity sciences are classified into three types of models: 1) aggregated qualitative, 2) aggregated quantitative, and 3) individual. The most important characteristics of simulation models in general are pointed out, highlighting the focus on the problem of interest. The conclusion underlines factors that should be kept in mind when addressing the community's most pressing problems.
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