Abstract
The article analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market, the economic and family activities of women in Popayán, and businesswomen in Cauca. For this, a logit model is estimated. In addition, primary and secondary information sources from DANE, ANIF, and Confecamaras are used. The results show that women’s labor participation gap increased by approximately 1.2 percentage points. The data obtained through 298 surveyed businesswomen reveal that they have had to change their economic activity and use ICT and other strategies to adapt to current difficulties. Finally, a significant change was observed in the economic activity of the companies; few enterprises run by women are operating at total capacity, while the majority are operating with restrictions, closed, or in the closing process.References
Albanesi, S., & Kim, J. (2021). The Gendered Impact of the COVID-19 Recession on the US Labor Market (NBER Working Paper No. w28505). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w28505
Alon, T. M., Doepke, M., Olmstead-Rumsey, J., & Tertilt, M. (abril, 2020). The impact of COVID-19 on gender equality (NBER Working Paper No. w26947). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26947
Barcenas, A., & Pinheiro, V. (21 de mayo de 2020). El trabajo en tiempos de pandemia: Desafíos frente a la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) [Presentación]. CEPAL/OIT. https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/presentation/files/ppt_version_final_oitcepal-_covid-19_-_21-05-20.pdf
Becker, (1987). Tratado sobre la familia. Alianza Editorial.
Cárdenas-Rubio, J. A. (2013). El impacto de la participación femenina en el mercado laboral de los hombres en Colombia desde 1984 hasta 2012 [Tesis de doctorado, Universidad del Rosario]. Repositorio Universidad del Rosario. https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_4794
Carlson, D. L., Petts, R., & Pepin, J. (2020). Changes in Parents’ Domestic Labor During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sociological Inquiry, 93(3), 1217-1244. https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12459
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. (18 de noviembre de 2021). Boletín Técnico: Encuesta Nacional de Uso del Tiempo (ENUT) 2020-2021. https://img.lalr.co/cms/2021/11/18163828/Bolet%-C3%Adn-ENUT.pdf
Estupinan, X., Sharma, M., Gupta, S., & Birla, B. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Labour Supply, Wages and Gross Value Added in India. The Indian Economic Journal, 68(4), 572-592. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019466221999143
Gallant, J., Kroft, K., Lange, F., & Notowidigdo, M. J. (octubre, 2020). Temporary unemployment and labor market dynamics during the COVID-19 recession (NBER Working Paper No. w27924). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27924
Gómez-Sánchez, A. M., Sarmiento-Castillo, J. I., & Fajardo-Hoyos, C. L. (2016). Análisis de la dinámica del mercado laboral en Popayán-Colombia. ECONÓMICAS CUC, 37(1), 137-178. https://doi.org/10.17981/econcuc.37.1.2016.07
Gongas-Torres, S., & García-Salgado, V. (2020). La participación de la mujer en el mercado laboral rural durante la pandemia causada por el Covid-19: el caso de Colombia [Tesis de grado, Universidad EAFIT]. Repositorio Universidad EAFIT. http://hdl.handle.net/10784/25534
Grown, C., & Sánchez-Páramo, C. (2021, junio 24). COVID-19 casts different shadows over the lives of men and women. World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/voices/covid-19-casts-different-shadows-over-livesmen-and-women
Ham, S. (2021). Explaining Gender Gaps in the South Korean Labor Market During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Feminist Economics, 27(1-2), 133-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2021.1876902
Landivar, L. C., Ruppanner, L., Scarborough, W. J., & Collins, C. (2020). Early Signs Indicate That COVID-19 Is Exacerbating Gender Inequality in the Labor Force. Socius, 6, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023120947997
Madgavkar, A., White, O., Krishnan, M., Mahajan, D., & Azcue, X. (2020, julio 15). COVID-19 and gender equality: Countering the regressive effects. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/covid-19-and-gender-equality-countering-the-regressive-effects
Martínez-Gómez, C., Miller, T., & Saad, P. (2013). Participación laboral femenina y bono de género en América Latina (Documentos de Proyectos No. 570). Naciones Unidas. http://hdl.handle.net/11362/35897
Ministerio del Trabajo. (2021). Boletín de formalidad laboral y desempleo en jóvenes y mujeres. Trimestre enero-marzo 2021.
Mora, J. J. (2013). Gender differences between remittances and labor participation in developing countries: A cross-section analysis of Colombia in year 2008. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 13(1), 99-112.
Observatorio Colombiano de las Mujeres (2020). Impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 en la economía del cuidado (Mujeres en Tiempos de COVID-19, Boletín 4). Consejería Presidencial para la Equidad de la Mujer. https://observatoriomujeres.gov.co/archivos/Publicaciones/Publicacion_50.pdf
Picchio, A. (1994). El trabajo de reproducción, tema central en el análisis del mercado laboral. En C. Borderías, C. Carrasco, & C. Alemany (Comp.), Las mujeres y el trabajo: rupturas conceptuales (pp. 451-490). Icaria.
Ramírez-Ospina, D. (2015). Capital humano: una visión desde la teoría crítica. Cadernos EBAPE. BR, 13(2), 315-331. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395114754
Reichelt, M., Makovi, K., & Sargsyan, A. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on gender inequality in the labor market and gender-role attitudes. European Societies, 23(sup1), S228-S245. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1823010
Weller, J. (2020). La pandemia del COVID-19 y su efecto en las tendencias de los mercados laborales. Naciones Unidas. https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/45759
Keywords
labor participation
women
COVID-19
logit model